prevention

A recent systematic review (MacArthur et al 2018) of 70 RCTs addressing two or more risk behaviours (with a follow-up period of at least six months) and targetting children up to 18 years of age found:

•  little or no effect of family- or individual-level multiple risk behaviour interventions to prevent alcohol use (moderate to low-quality evidence, with few studies available for comparisson, n≤ 4)

A recent systematic review (MacArthur et al 2018) of 70 RCTs addressing two or more risk behaviours (with a follow-up period of at least six months) and targetting children up to 18 years of age found:

• no certain effects of universal school-based multiple risk behaviour interventions in preventing cannabis use (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.01; P= 0.06; n=6 studies; 4140 participants; I² = 0%; moderate-quality evidence)

A systematic review without meta-analysis (Gallucci et al 2018, 7 clinical trials, n= 292) found that five clinical trials observed a statistically significant reduction in postoperative opioid consumption (patient controlled analgesia) following cortical stimulation to treat postoperative pain (additionally, one trial found no statistically differences, and another found both an increase and decrease depending on the positioning of the anode).