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globe showing overview of main opioid trafficking routes

Main opioid trafficking routes into Europe

This interactive map from 2015 shows the main opioid trafficking routes from Asia to Europe (the Balkan route, the Southern route, the Northern route and the Caucasus route).

Trafficking routes POD's cover

Opioid trafficking routes from Asia to Europe (Perspectives on drugs)

Imported heroin has historically been available in Europe in two forms, the most common being brown heroin (its chemical base form), originating mainly in Afghanistan and other countries in south-west Asia. Less...