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This publication presents the data and findings of the risk assessment on MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1, 2-diphenylethyl)piperazine), carried out by the extended Scientific Committee of the EMCDDA on 16 September 2014. The main part...

In 2015, the EMCDDA commemorates 20 years of monitoring the drugs problem in Europe. This brochure provides a summary of the agency’s key achievements over the period, along with a timeline showing...

In May 2015, the EMCDDA and Europol examined the available information on a new psychoactive substance 1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-pentanone, commonly known as α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (α-PVP), through a joint assessment. The two organisations concluded that sufficient...

Historically, problem opioid users, mainly injectors, have always represented the largest client group receiving specialised drug treatment in the European Union. The needs of large cohorts that started heroin injecting during the...

Cannabis is the illicit drug most likely to be used by all age groups. The drug is generally smoked and, in Europe, is commonly mixed with tobacco. Patterns of cannabis use can...

Drug use, in particular high-risk drug use, is one of the major causes of avoidable mortality among young people in Europe, both directly through overdose and indirectly through drug-related diseases, accidents, violence...

Drug-related infectious diseases (DRID) are among the most serious health consequences of drug use. The DRID indicator collects data on the extent of drug-related infections amongpeople who inject drugs. This group is...

The European Union is one of the most urbanised areas in the world and its cities are set to become more densely populated. Currently 73 % of the EU population resides in...

The financial crisis that hit the global economy in the summer of 2007 has no precedent inpost-war economic history. It differed from other fluctuations in its magnitude and the degree to which...