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The supply of hashish to Europe

This paper examining the supply of hashish (the psychoactive drug made by compressing the resin glands, or trichomes, of the female cannabis plant) to Europe was commissioned by the EMCDDA to provide...

Chart showing synthetic drugs, precursors and pre-precursors

Interactive: synthetic drug precursors

globe showing overview of main opioid trafficking routes

Main opioid trafficking routes into Europe

This interactive map from 2015 shows the main opioid trafficking routes from Asia to Europe (the Balkan route, the Southern route, the Northern route and the Caucasus route).

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Opioid trafficking routes from Asia to Europe (Perspectives on drugs)

Imported heroin has historically been available in Europe in two forms, the most common being brown heroin (its chemical base form), originating mainly in Afghanistan and other countries in south-west Asia. Less...

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Synthetic drug production in Europe (Perspectives on drugs)

Synthetic drugs have been produced illicitly in Europe for over 40 years and, by global standards, Europe remains a significant producer today. Described in this analysis are current trends in illicit synthetic...

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The value of understanding organised crime business structures and processes

This paper makes the argument for developing an understanding of organised crime business structures and processes. It was commissioned by the EMCDDA to provide background information to inform and contribute to the...

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New EMCDDA trendspotter study explores online supply of drugs

Social media were found to play an active role in drug markets, whether used directly for buying and selling drugs or indirectly for marketing, opinion-forming or experience-sharing. Smartphone apps were also seen...

The internet and drug markets —summary of results from an EMCDDA Trendspotter study

The speed with which the Internet is transforming drug markets poses a major challenge to law enforcement, public health, research and monitoring agencies. This study aims to raise understanding of the current...