Publications database

Illicit drug markets have a global reach. This paper provides an overview of EU policies and responses to the production and trafficking of illicit drugs within the international context. It considers the...

The EU Drug Markets Report 2016 is the second comprehensive overview of illicit drug markets in the European Union by the EMCDDA and Europol. Taking an evidence-based approach, the report considers the...

Cocaine is Europe’s most commonly used illicit stimulant drug, with about 3.6 million adults (aged 15–64) estimated to have used it in the last year. It is the second most seized drug...

The use of substitution drugs for the treatment of opioid dependence represents a key evidence-based response to heroin problems in Europe. However, the diversion of these medicines from their intended use in...

This report explores the recent resurgence in use of MDMA in Europe and increased availability of high-strength MDMA tablets, crystals and powders. It notes that the picture is not uniform across European...

The EU Drug Markets Report 2016 is the second comprehensive overview of illicit drug markets in the European Union by the EMCDDA and Europol. The analysis provided in this report spans numerous...

This publication provides a strategic overview of the key findings of the 2016 EU Drug Markets Report: In-depth Analysis. The report brings together our knowledge and understanding of the operation and structure...

This report includes estimates of the total size of the retail drug market in the European Union (EU) in 2013 for cannabis, heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and ecstasy. October 2018: An error has...

The last decade has seen the emergence of new internet technologies that have acted as important facilitators of online drug markets. The internet now hosts a range of virtual marketplaces (both on...

Imported heroin has historically been available in Europe in two forms, the most common being brown heroin (its chemical base form), originating mainly in Afghanistan and other countries in south-west Asia. Less...