Publications database

This paper focuses on exploring the characteristics of MDMA users in the European Web Survey on Drugs (EWSD), studying intensity of use and patterns of buying behaviours, with specific attention given to...

The Trends and Developments report presents the EMCDDA’s latest analysis of the drug situation in Europe. Focusing on illicit drug use, related harms and drug supply, the report contains a comprehensive set...

This page looks at the retail market for cocaine in Europe including markets for cocaine hydrochloride powders, markets for cocaine freebase product and how cocaine is retailled (face-to-face, social media and apps...

Iran is a key transhipment point for illicit drugs along the Balkan and Southern trafficking routes and this report examines the threats posed by its potential emergence as a transhipment point for...

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of patterns emerging across Europe in the areas of drug supply, illicit drug use and associated public health problems. National data sets are also provided across...

This report includes estimates of the total size of the retail drug market in the European Union in 2017 for cannabis, heroin, cocaine, amphetamines and MDMA. This is a supporting publication to...

The EU Drug Markets Report 2019 is the third comprehensive overview of illicit drug markets in the European Union by the EMCDDA and Europol. A more recent version of this publication is...

This paper provides an overview of established and emerging cannabis products in Europe. For each type of product, major issues in its production, distribution, use and effects on health are detailed. In...

The Trends and Developments report presents a top-level overview of the drug phenomenon in Europe, covering drug supply, use and public health problems as well as drug policy and responses. Together with...

Using trendspotter methodology, this report explores signs of increasing availability and consumption of cocaine in Europe, in an effort to increase our understanding of recent changes in the cocaine market. The study...